White is the color of order and justice in the multiverse. Mono whites strongest themes include: tokens, white weenies, removal, tax and other hatepieces and multiple ways to level the battlefield. White has definitely received a lot of attention from WoTC in the previous expansions and will likely receive new strong staples in the future, too, as EDH is the most popular format in MTG.
Blue is the color of logic and cognition. Blue has the strongest card draw effects, able to manipulate artifacts, copy other permanents, sling spells and is the master of countering spells.
Black is the colour of death, cunning, selfishness, undead and terror. Black can do almost everything the other colors can do by paying life. As black can do almost everything, it is extremely popular color and has a multitude of very different, unique commanders.
Red is the colour of love, strong feelings, anger, chaos and aggressiveness. Red excels in attacking with creatures and hitting your opponents in the face with damage.
Two color pairs are divided into allied and enemy colors. The allied and enemy colors come from the color wedge and allied colors sit next to each others on the wedge.
The allied colors are: Azorius, Dimir, Rakdos, Gruul and Selesnya
The enemy colors are: Orzhov, Boros, Simic, Izzet, and Golgari.
Azorius combines the strongest color of removals, white, and the counter spells from blue, creating the ultimate control deck colors. Azorius decks are slow, instant-speed heavy and removal resilient.
The Orzhov guild from Ravnica is the colors of white and black, providing a multitude of different strategies from lifegain to life drain effects, aristocrats to tribal themes and wraths to graveyard recursions.
The Boros combines whites order and justice with reds passion and aggression, creating the legion of Boros. Boros is combat heavy with strong synergies with artifacts, especially equipments.
Selesnya combines whites lifegain and creature dependent gamestyles with greens strong ramp and creature based card advantage creating multitude of different gamestyles with creatures.
The guild of Dimir from Ravnica is the colors of blue and black. Possibly the strongest two color pair in EDH due to the very high number of different combos, great interaction cards and access to best tutors and strong graveyard tactics.
Reds explosiveness and aggression, combined with blues patience and calculation creates the color of Izzet. Izzet decks loves spellslinging and massive card advantage in many forms: card draw, impulse draw and cast from graveyard effects.
Color pair of Simic combines the knowledge and the ever-improving mentality of Blue with Greens nature-likeness and growth. Simic decks excel in every creature-based strategies on the battlefield and focuses on the Enter the Battlefield effects of creatures.
Rakdos combines blacks decisiveness to overcome any obstacle with reds impulsiveness creating the any means necessary gamestyles. The means include everything from playing life to sacrifice permanents to achieve the upper hand.
Golgari combines Black's untimely death and decay with Greens natural death and the survival of the fittest, creating Golgaris obvious graveyard recursions and recycling the unnecessary resources for new ones.